The appli cation of wrought magnesium alloys is hindered by the lack of knowledge on the influence of thermomechanical treatments such as extrusion or forging. Request pdf wrought magnesium alloys and manufacturing processes for automotive applications in this paper, the mechanical properties, structural. Magnesium alloys are the lightest of the industrial metals. Mg alloys are currently used in relatively small quantities for auto parts. One of the author has maintaining the accuracy of the resulting products 1investigated in cold roll forming of magnesium alloy, however detailed forming characteristics of the wrought magnesium alloy sheets has not been clarified. Good strength to weight ratios, high temperature stability and corrosion resistance see these alloys used in aerospace, automotive and other applications. Influence of service temperature on the resistance of wrought.
The development of new cast or wrought alloys and the optimisation of existing or new processes for the production of magnesium parts are discussed. Magnesiumzirconium alloys tend to be used in relatively lowvolume applications where they are processed by sand or investment casting, or wrought products by extrusion or forging. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties. Automotive applications require also good ductility for many components, especially energy absorbed in the case of an accident is a very crucial issue. Expanding the extrusion limits of wrought magnesium alloys. Optimized development for magnesium castings and casting processes increase in value by applying a closed process chain for the development of automotive magnesium castings pages. Cold roll forming of circular tube section for wrought. Highstrength steels, aluminum al, and polymers are already being used to reduce weight significantly, but substantial additional reductions could be achieved by greater use of lowdensity magnesium mg and its alloys. The concluding chapters cover applications of wrought magnesium alloys in automotive and biomedical engineering. Introduction to magnesium alloys chapter 1 magnesium is the lightest common structural metal with a density of 1. Us20120195787a1 singlephase solid solution cast or. Wrought magnesium alloys and manufacturing processes for. Magnesium alloys market by alloy type cast alloys, wrought. The microstructure and phase distribution was characterized by olympus pme3 optical microscopy and philips xl 40.
Vehicle weight reduction is one of the major means available to improve automotive fuel efficiency. Alloys of 1xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx and 5xxx series are nonheattreatable. Magnesium wrought alloy proof stress is typically 160240 mpa, tensile strength is 180440 mpa. Remembering these associations will add immeasurably to understanding the behavior and proper treatments to be given the alloys. The uniqueness of the magnesium alloys is illustrated in. Alloys in which silicon is the principal alloying element. B951112018 standard practice for codification of unalloyed magnesium and magnesiumalloys, cast and wrought. Metals and alloys business are transitioning in terms of innovation and development of recent alloys to improve strength and alternative properties of the traditional metals.
Isbn 9789533075204, pdf isbn 9789535145271, published 20110114. Mg wrought alloys containing various re elements attracted great interests, mainly for the improvement of strength and formability of wrought magnesium alloys. Titanium aluminide alloys show promise for applications at temperatures up to 760 c 1400 f. Common cast alloys of magnesium consist of different amounts but not exceeding 10% of aluminium, manganese and zinc as. Magnesium alloys have a hexagonal lattice structure, which affects the fundamental properties of these alloys.
A large amount of research has found that re additions can significantly weaken the texture and improve the. This specification covers quality assurance sampling and testing procedures used to determine conformance to applicable specification requirements of wrought aluminum alloy and wrought magnesium alloy mill products except forging stock, and includes quality assurance and testing procedures for rol. H, strain hardened wrought products only subdivisions of h temper. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Mri153m alloy and from aluminium a380 alloy revealed that the magnesium alloy performed similar and had the better damping properties 15. Wrought alloys that constitute heattreatable precipitationhardenable aluminum alloys include the 2xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx, and some of the 8xxx alloys. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties intechopen.
Zirconiumfree alloys, principally az91 but also other alloys, are used in automotive and various other highvolume applications. Robson this assessment is focussed on wrought magnesium alloys for lightweight applications, particularly in the transport sector. The challenges to their wider use are summarised, including poor low temperature formability, corrosion issues, dissimilar metal joining, and limited precipitation strengthening. The other alloying elements such as copper and magnesium are specified. Nonrare earth high performance wrought magnesium alloys.
Ordinarily, different compositions are used for casting as contrasted with those for rolling, forging, or other working. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. The growing number of available magnesium alloys are divided into two groups. Introduction to magnesium alloys 3 table 1 standard fourpart astm system of alloy and temper designations for magnesium alloys. Pdf expanding the extrusion limits of wrought magnesium. Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high temperature applications 267 metallographic samples were prepared by mounti ng them in cold setting resin. C, copper h1, plus one or more digits, strain hardened only h2, plus one or more digits. They were etched in 2% nital aqueous solutions for 20 seconds. They show a high ratio of strength to mass density, which makes them potentially attractive materials for load.
Wrought magnesium alloys in various conditions of strain hardening or temper can be annealed by being heated at 290 to 455c 550 to 850f, depending on alloy, for one or more hours. Potential automotive uses of wrought magnesium alloys. Understanding wrought and cast aluminum alloys designations. For example, all the alloys of the series 5xxx are alloys with magnesium. The present paper gives an overview on the actual status of the development of magnesium alloys and technologies for application in the automotive industries. Global overview on demand and applications for magnesium alloys pages. Understanding wrought alloy strengthening mechanisms. It is clearly understood that part of the cause of the formability problem is the very strong basal textures that tend to be developed in magnesium. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading advances in wrought magnesium alloys.
Various heat treatments are used to attain maximum strength and machining of most magnesium alloys is. The strength ranges achievable with various classes of wrought and. Dmitri kopeliovich wrought magnesium alloys are manufactured in forms of rolled sheets and plates, extruded bars, rods and tubes, forged shapes ductility of magnesium alloys in cold state is low. Recent research and developments on wrought magnesium alloys. The results for wrought and cast magnesium alloys are depicted in fig. Cast alloys are basically made by pouring the molten liquid metal into a mould, within which it solidifies into the required shape. Controlled unalloyed pure compositions, especially for rotor manufacture 2xx.
Mgal based alloys are the most widely used wrought mg alloys as structural materials, as the addition of al improves the strength, ductility and castability of mg. For more articles, search magnesium article and presentation database, eric nyberg of pacific northwest national laboratory, 2007. Magnesium materials are supplied in various compositions including the commercially pure metal 99. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Wrought product forms described below include both extruded sections and rolled sheetplate along with tubes and forgings. Request pdf recent research and developments on wrought magnesium alloys wrought magnesium alloys attract special interests as lightweight structural. Effect of rareearth additions on the texture of wrought.
The various combinations of alloying additions and strengthening mechanisms used for wrought aluminum alloys are shown in table 1. Fatigue limit v c of magnesium alloys has been determined in the range 70. The challenges to their wider use are summarised, including poor low temperature formability, corrosion issues, dissimilar metal joining, and limited. Us20110272069a1 us12674,120 us67412008a us2011272069a1 us 20110272069 a1 us20110272069 a1 us 20110272069a1 us 67412008 a us67412008 a us 67412008a us 2011272069 a1 us2011272069 a1 us 2011272069a1 authority us united states prior art keywords alloy magnesium method preferably casting prior art date 20070831 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Titanium and titanium alloys are produced in a wide variety of product forms, with some examples shown in fig. Potential applications of wrought magnesium alloys for passenger vehicles abstract vehicle weight reduction is one of the major means available for improving automotive fuel efficiency. May 04, 2001 magnesium zirconium alloys tend to be used in relatively lowvolume applications where they are processed by sand or investment casting, or wrought products by extrusion or forging. Potential automotive uses of wrought magnesium alloys unt.
Optimized development for magnesium castings and casting processes increase in value by applying a closed process chain for the development of automotive. Reducing the critical temperature required to form magnesium alloys is therefore now a topic of intense worldwide research activity e. Magnesium alloys and their applications wiley online books. Understanding wrought and cast aluminum alloys designations 25. Pdf latest research advances on magnesium and magnesium. The wrought aluminum magnesium alloys are being used in many welded structural applications. Nonrare earth highperformance wrought magnesium alloys.
Since magnesium cast components have found their application, interest is now spreading towards wrought alloys for use as structural components. Magnesium alloys are used in wrought forms such as extruded bars, section and tubes as well as forgings and rolled sheet. Wrought magnesium alloys for structural applications. Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high. May 04, 2001 magnesium alloys are used in wrought forms such as extruded bars, section and tubes as well as forgings and rolled sheet. Search database the following is a summary of typical magnesium forging alloys, including links to supplier property data and links to articles and handbook information. This international standard specifies the chemical composition and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys for wrought products in the form of bars and solid sections, tubes and. Introduction to magnesium alloys asm international. B953 standard practice for sampling magnesium and magnesium alloys for spectrochemical analysis. These alloys are prepared by multimicroalloying with rare earth elements including gadolinium, yttrium, dysprosium, samarium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium and praseodymium. New perspectives for wrought magnesium alloys scientific. B95415 standard test method for analysis of magnesium and magnesium alloys by atomic emission spectrometry.
Magnesium alloys are mixtures of magnesium with other metals called an alloy, often aluminum, zinc, manganese, silicon, copper, rare earths and zirconium. Additional hardening of these alloys is done by cold work strain hardening. C, copper h1, plus one or more digits, strain hardened only h2, plus one or more digits, strain hardened and partially annealed. High stiffnesstoweight, castability, machinability, and excellent damping are desirable properties of magnesium alloys that factor into the material selection process. With its distinguished editors, and drawing on the work of leading experts in the field, advances in wrought magnesium alloys is a standard reference for those researching, manufacturing and using these alloys. However, the use of wrought magnesium alloys in the transportation industry is still limited at present. Magnesium alloys can be categorized into two groups. Heat treating of magnesium alloys total materia article.
Alloys in which copper is the principal alloying element. The initial strength of these alloys is achieved due to the hardening effect of the alloying elements. The development of new cast or wrought alloys and the optimisation of existing or new processes for the. A large amount of research has found that re additions can significantly weaken the texture and improve the deformability of mg alloys 81, 108, 109. Influence of service temperature on the resistance of. Dongsheng li, jungpyung choi, vineet joshi, aashish rohatgi, and eric nyberg. Fundamentals of processing, properties and applications woodhead publishing series in metals and surface engineering kindle edition by bettles, colleen, barnett, matthew. This assessment is focussed on wrought magnesium alloys for lightweight applications, particularly in the transport sector. Plastic deformation of the hexagonal lattice is more complicated than in cubic. One direction in the alloy and process development for. Recently, the european standard, en 1780, has introduced a numerical designation system for casting alloys, which is based on the same principles as that for wrought alloys, but uses fivedigit numbers without a space table a. It is suc cessfully used in diecast and wrought products but must be used judiciously in sandcasting be cause it coarsens the grain. The wrought aluminummagnesium alloys are being used in many welded structural applications.